測試工作坊後的Selenium補充內容

Write your first Selenium script
- Eight Basic Components
  - Start the session
    - Driver Sessions
```
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
```
  - Take action on browser
    - Browser navigation
```
driver.get("<https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/web-form.html>")
```
  - Request browser information
    - Browser interactions
      - title
      - current url
```
title = driver.title
url = driver.current_url
```
  - Establish Waiting Strategy
    - Waiting Strategies
      - Implicit waits
      - Explicit waits (建議使用)
```
    wait = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=2)
    wait.until(lambda d : revealed.is_displayed())
```
  - Find an element
    - Locator strategies
      - Traditional Locators
        
        什麼是XPath
      - Relative Locators (Selenium 4新功能)
```
text_box = driver.find_element(by=By.NAME, value="my-text")
submit_button = driver.find_element(by=By.CSS_SELECTOR, value="button")
```
  - Take action on element
    - Interacting with web elements
      - 輸入(或清空)資料或點選按鈕 (或連結)
      - Working with select list elements
```
text_box.send_keys("Selenium")
submit_button.click()
```
  - Request element information
    - Information about web elements
      - 取得資訊，並利用assert進行驗證
```
text = message.text
```
  - End the session
    
    <aside> 📢 文件建議使用quit()，避免使用close()
    
    </aside>
    - Difference between webdriver.Dispose(), .Close() and .Quit()
```
driver.quit()
```

首先，我們先改一下，將close()，改為quit()

# 關閉瀏覽器
driver.**quit()**

接下來，不再使用python內建的sleep()，改用Explicit waits。

以下的範例是等待id為「mui-6」的元件可以被找到。

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

# 等待一段時間讓頁面載入結果
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, timeout=3)
wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "mui-6")))

我們也採用python的try、finally，當元件有問題時，還是會把瀏覽器關閉

記得要內縮~

**try:**
    # 初始化 webdriver 並開啟瀏覽器
    options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    driver.get("<https://dev.egroup-infocenter.com/login>")

**finally:**
    # 關閉瀏覽器
    driver.quit()

注意，有時候雖然元件已經呈現，但是，可能還不能點選 (如:被隱藏)，就需要再等待一下:

    #點選設定
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, "//*[@id='__next']/div/header/div[1]/div/span/div/button")))
    settings_button = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "//*[@id='__next']/div/header/div[1]/div/span/div/button")
    #等待可點選時再點選
    **wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(settings_button))**
    settings_button.click()

assert元件的屬性與style:

    assert dark_mode_button.**get_attribute("class")**=="MuiButtonBase-root css-1y0jul3", "in dark mode"
    assert body.**value_of_css_property("background-color")**=="rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)", "in dark mode"